Scientific Management was the product of 19th Century industrial Essay - 5

Scientific Management was the product of 19th Century industrial practices and has no relevance to the present day. Discuss - Essay Example Taylor termed this as work soldering. An act of go slow within the industry amongst the employees (Montana 2008:210). The challenge to changing this was ‘complete revolution in the mental attitude and habits of all those involved in management, as well of the worksmen’ (p.4).Therefore, with this realization, the concept of scientific management came to birth. He continuously controlled workers engagement using a stopwatch. As this not enough, management shifted into one central planning department with only engineers having the license to execute such duties. Production of instructional cards from this department, reports meant that the whole picture on the flow of the work within the industry came clean. It ultimately turned to what Taylor craved for-a official practice and schedule in the industry. This resulted into scientific management in the industrial sector in the 19th Century. The approach proved ineffective. By the end of 19th century, people craved for alterna tive. Mechanical revolution industrial machines rendered this approach too rigid in modern times. The world has changed and morals approaches take center stage in today’s management away from Taylor’s rigid approach. ... The approach by Clegg seems to satirize Taylor’s limited perception of 19th century workers, whom he had reduced into mini-machines. For one to maximize on his workers, Clegg proposes an all-inclusive running of a factory or any organization (Clegg 2008: 230). This openness clears doubt from employees and a sense of togetherness instilled. It creates bonding between the authority and the working staff dealing with emerging issues easily within any given firm. As for workers, they input their labor in relation to the level of motivation within the firm. The theory and practice in management should always revolve around the worker. In page 358, Clegg argues that, â€Å"Knowledge management practitioners like to think of themselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Today’s corporate world has even allowed workers access to departmental zones not to mention the respect of labor laws. Taylor’s restrictive approach only serves to limit down the work rate of employees. Clegg advocates fo r reasoning when an output in a firm is below the expected. The management should incorporate everyone to raise an issue and this comes as the only way to pushing any organization to its production zenith. He calls for a different treat of workers’ from away from equating them to machines as Taylor did. Today’s world of management has brought aesthetics in the work place. This comes when firm owners understand the taste of their institutions. This explains how important it is to work within the context of the organization. Aesthetic knowledge gives boost in an organizational practice, as it becomes the integral part of people do. It is the flexibility of an organization to create a space and open up to allow questioning of what exist. For example, when a human resource manager comes up with refresher programs

English Language Essay Example for Free

English Language Essay Why and how is it to learn the English Language? That would always be the question that English language learners encounter. Learning the English language is important in the sense that it can be used in a lot of useful ways and even unites the world. How? Let us find out the nitty-gritty of the importance of learning the English language as detailed below. I will start the essay with a story that dates back in the year 2000. It was a very special year since the world celebrated the millennium. Almost every person anticipated the coming of that year. Excitement can be felt anywhere in the world. My friend, Julia and I were busy preparing for the year 2000 millennium celebration. We were decorating the dance and meal venue with colorful designs of paper art works. Julia came up to me and asked me if I can still remember his friend, Tom, his long-time chat partner. Tom is an American soldier that Julia met through the internet. I said yes, I can remember him. Julia told me that Tom is coming to the country. I was happy for her. She was happy too however she told me she had this big, big problem – Julia has difficulty expressing herself in English. Yes, Julia and Tom were long-time chat partners but problems to language barriers always arise as source of misunderstandings (very wonderful though that they manage to keep a healthy relationship despite that big problem). Having that in mind, I cannot help but remember my own experience with the English Language. Personally, I had difficulty learning the English Language, for one because it is not my native language and secondly, in day-to-day activities we use our own language and so there was no chance of learning English if I only rely on my day’s typical experiences. When I got into school for English, the first lesson if I remember it right is about the English Alphabet since it is the most basic approach towards learning the English Language. I had difficulty in remembering the Alphabet since there are 26 of them and as a beginner, everything was unfamiliar. At times when the teacher requires recitation for the alphabets, I would always avoid eye contacts with her because I am afraid that I would be called to stand up for the recitation. With my experience learning the English language, I can say that I was forced to do it -forced, because if I have it my own way, I will not burden myself learning a new language. At that time, if I only have a way not to attend the English class, I would do so. The teachers during that time are not so supportive of their students in the English class. English felt like a food that is forcibly fed upon us. They had a short understanding of psychology of students as first-timers in the English language class. However since there was a need to study English as a language, it encouraged me to attend classes. For me, that need was my guiding force and encouragement to pursue the study of the language even though the experience is unpleasant most of the time. The teachers surely have placed pressures to us students in learning the language. The pressures come in form of examinations meant to determine and measure the extent of how much we have learned in class. The pressure also took in forms of penalties, wherein, we pay fines and dues for every non-English word spoken inside the vicinity of the school. Although, it was a real tough pressure, we get to enjoy the conversation with had with classmates and teachers in English. We laughed at our own erroneous grammars. We also just laughed when at times we cannot talk with each other basically because we do not know how to say things in English. We were scared of the penalty and it would surely cost us our pennies and bills. Learning the English language is basically difficult as I have said earlier for reasons I cited therein. Yes, it is a new knowledge but that fact remains that it is a foreign language and thus really difficult to learn but as we interact with classmates and teachers and with foreign visitors who visit the school, we find it amazing on how we are able to clearly deliver the message across. It feels awesome to be understood by foreigners that visit the school. We like the idea of having foreigners around us since we are able to put into practice everything we have learned in class. We always had fun in the interactions using English as a medium of communication. I have an idea of what English is like even before when I was younger and those ideas and learnings were reinforced in the classroom. It is actually inevitable not to have basics of English at that time basically because of media proliferation. At times, in our lives even though we were younger, we are exposed to information about issues, movies, advertisements, conversations – all these – in form of English. So from this, we can conclude that it is only not in the classroom that we learn English since there was a massive exposure of people to various forms of media. In school, we can say that our English teachers taught us about the language but generally, it is the interaction that strengthens the base of our knowledge in English. In school, all we learn are theories. It is through interactions that we learn to hone our skills in English. Motivations for learning English vary (www. antimoon. com). There are those who want to learn English because they need it for international trades such as China and USA international trades. Undoubtedly, communication between these two countries is made convenient through China knowing how to speak English especially so that they are exporting their products in mainland USA. Others went to school for English basically because they wanted to study in English-speaking countries such as Australia, United Kingdom and the USA. Others are motivated to study the language to expand network of connections. Personally, I studied English not only because it is a requirement but also because of motivating factors I have mentioned above. Having studied English, I am able to trade with people around the world even if we are miles and oceans apart. I am also able to pursue higher forms of education basically because almost all textbooks that are used are in English. And undoubtedly, I am able to expand my set of connections through the English language. I have a lot of friends in other countries that at times I run to when I need some advice. When I got my certification in English I was hired as a private tutor to teach Koreans and Chinese the English language. At first, it is really difficult but at the same time challenging because I am given the task to open the minds of these people into the English language and I also foresaw that it will be my honor and pride to see these people prosper because of the English language. When I first stepped into the classroom, the number of non-English speaking students is overwhelming. But I carried with me the commitment to be able to impart what I have learned about the English language to them. I received a lot of negative comments as like me before, they are having difficulty. It was as if I relived my own experience in learning the language, only this time, I am no longer a student but a teacher. The advantage of me becoming an English teacher is that I know what these students are going through and I understand it very well. I know what their concerns are and I know what they need in order for them to learn the English language the easy and pleasant way. I am able to address each and every concern that a non-english speaking student has basically because I have been to their stage. As a teacher, I have realized that the best learning and teaching method to employ is exposure and interaction. Yes, the basics are still important for the technical side of the English language but nothing parallels the effectiveness of learning than exposure and interaction. This is the very reason why most of my students’ activities are group and interactive activities. Trust me, this is a very effective method. As they say language and culture are intertwined. Yes this is very true as culture, beliefs and practices are mostly transmitted through the use of language. For example, you notice that Australians wear the tuxedo in formal occasions. Now, a non-english speaker would ask (act of use of language), why do they wear tuxedos in special occasions? This examples depicts of how well a culture or a way of life is transmitted through the use of language particularly in our case, the English Language. In a study, English language is not the most spoken language but statistically speaking, it is the most distributed language around the world (O’ Niel, 2007). This means that anywhere we go, the probability of people having an idea of English or even knowing how to speak English is high. This perhaps the reason why especially in Asian countries like Japan, China and Korea industriously find ways and means to learn the English language as they can see the overwhelming advantages of knowing the language. Knowing the language can not only mean culture transfer but can also mean technology transfer which is still very much related to culture. By knowing how to speak English, especially in Australia, we are able to access movies and television shows that as we continue to watch, alter the way we behave, think and act. This is what we call culture assimilation through the use of language. In a recent study, the English language has long been dominating the world, in fact most of the journals published are in English. Most books authored by scientists and educators are in English. The impact of this is that if everybody knows how to speak English development in our economy, finance and public relations will be upheld in the most convenient manner. And most importantly, in the world full of chaos and war, who can tell that the English language may serve as a unifying catalyst of the world to further the understanding of each nation and result in what is long been dreamt – world peace, a world that would shelter and cultivate the human generation in the next decade, century and millennium to come such as how Tom and Julia find the love in each other through the English Language.

Workplace Ergonomics, Ergonomics Assessment, Ergonomics Training Essay

Workplace Ergonomics, Ergonomics Assessment, Ergonomics Training In the past, most businesses have strived for high production at low cost. This strategy resulted in the highest profit for a company. When in reality to many businesses, this was only a mirage. This was because the â€Å"lower cost† of the business usually resulted in a â€Å"higher cost† for the employees. This lower cost for businesses may have meant lower quality workplace items, lower salaries, less benefits, etc. These lower costs created an upset workplace environment for the employees. This upset has help found a new branch of science called Ergonomics. â€Å"Ergonomics is a relatively new branch of science which celebrates its 50th anniversary in 1999, but relies on research carried out in many other older established scientific areas, such as engineering, physiology, and psychology.† (http://www.ergonomics.org.uk/ergonomics.htm). Once it became clear that businesses needed to take into account the human environment factors that faced their employees it resulted in the discipline of ergonomics. There exist many different things in the workplace that add to stress and injuries. They range from lifting heavy boxes to typing too much on the keyboard. However, the focus on this paper will be on the principals of ergonomics in the office and computer environment. Exactly, what is ergonomics? â€Å"Ergonomics, or Human Factors as it is known in North America, is a branch of science that aims to learn about human abilities and limitations and then apply that knowledge to improve people’s interaction with products, systems and environments.† (http://www.ergonomics.org.uk/ergonomics.htm). â€Å"The word, ergonomics, is derived from the greek words ergos meaning â€Å"work† and nomos mean... ...avis, Christine E. – Roth M.P.T. UCLA Ergonomics – RSI General Anatomy. (http://ergonomics.ucla.edu/Ergowebv.2/articles/rsianatomy.htm). F-One Ergonomics. Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Office ergonomics for arms & hands. (http://www.office-ergo.com/alternat.htm). F-One Ergonomics. Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Low Back Pain Ergonomics. (http://www.office-ergo.com/12things.htm). Homestore.com. Decorating – By Room – Office – Ergonomics. (http://www.homestore.com/Decorae/ByRoom/Work/Ergo.asp). ÓHomestore.com, Inc. 1999-2000. Kobler, Ellen MS, MA, OTR, CHT, CIE. Diversified Ergonomics. (http://www.diversergo.com/data.html/). S. Systems Corporation. Carpal Tunnel and Repetitive Motion Injury. (http://www.s-sc.com/risk.htm). Ó1994, 1999. The Ergonomics Society. Ergonomics Society Ergonomics. (http://www.ergonomics.org.uk/ergonomics.htm). Ó1996-2000 The Ergonomics Society.

The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution

Through all these years I always think of the American Revolution as customary rebellion which the parties involved fight for something like a parcel of land or for political divisions, i. e. territorial expansion. They deliberately fight against each other head-to-head just to get what they wanted. Maybe it is the result of watching classical movies that defy true essence of revolution that I came to think this way about the ancient wars. However, reading the book entitled The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution written by Bernard Bailyn, renewed my traditional view of the revolution as a whole.It was astoundingly compact yet the message the author conveyed was crystal clear. Bailyn vividly presented his idea that â€Å"power must be watched and restrained tightly† else, liberty will no longer take hold of the situation and much worse, slavery and other forms of oppression will occur. I learned to view the American Revolution from a different perspective in what he called the â€Å"ideological origins†. In effect, I was able to draw critical analysis based from Bailyn’s work of other cases of rebellion here and abroad.The purpose of the author in writing the book, as I comprehended it, is basically to tell everyone that wars happened because of radical minds that drew political ideology from social and traditional outlooks and screened by past experiences. They are explicitly called as radical libertarians who focused on the effort of freeing the individual from tyranny of the state. Bailyn traced their ideological background and found one important piece of the puzzle that he presented in the first part of the book: the pamphlet story.He told us that those pamphlets â€Å"had peculiar virtues as a medium of communication† among the proponents who drafted of the American Revolution. It was in this method (and many others following it) that radical minds gained power and support from the commoners and so the revolution was given birth. But of course, the main event still laid in the messages that the radicals were sending out. The American Revolution was indeed initiated and maintained by radical libertarians until it reached its final destination.The author showed in the book that the American Revolution was â€Å"a cluster of convictions focused on the effort to free the individual from the oppressive misuse of power† by the state. He did not just a compile these convictions but also the analyzed each of them point-by-point as those were his premises in the logical structure of the book. It was the product of years of constant search of relevant information that pertains to the American Revolution. The book was overwhelming with researched ideas which the author found useful.The book was organized into six parts beginning from the Literature of Revolution down to the Contagion of Liberty. In the Literature of Revolution, he explained the method of communication between the radicals who insti gated to the public the idea of revolution. Part II of the book talked about the Sources and Traditions which he identified the ideological background of the radical libertarians. In Part III, entitled Power and Liberty: A Theory of Politics, Bailyn discussed the issues concerning power and liberty, i.e. how should the state treat the underprivileged, the oppressed, the people who were exploited by tyrants. He showed the premises in Part IV the Logic of Rebellion—the only option that the libertarians can have. Here he talked about conspiracies and how the rebellion happened during the Great American Revolution. In Part V, Bailyn discussed the history on the Transformations resulting from the revolution. The areas he tackled were the issues on Representation and Consent, Constitution and Rights, and the Sovereignty.These transformations were the fruits of the radical libertarians’ efforts. The last but not the least, Bailyn discussed in Part VI entitled The Contagion of Liberty the privileges that the underprivileged were able to uphold after the revolution. The discussion talked about the long-term issues of slavery, religion, respect, that all in all summed into the new concept, the concept of democracy that gave every person the right to exercise his freedom in the country. However, Bailyn did not end the book here.He also included an essay entitled â€Å"Fulfillment: A Commentary on the Constitution† which described the existing constitution as the ‘fulfillment’ of the libertarians’ dreams. Bernard Bailyn is widely and deservedly identified as â€Å"our finest historian of the colonial period†. He was an Emeritus Professor at Adams University and professor of Early American History at Harvard University. He wrote many award-winning books including The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution which garnered him both the Pulitzer and Bancroft prizes.This book first published in the 1960’s was a brea kthrough for the whole mankind. He wrote the book in such a way that radical ideologies were seen as the main reason for the American Revolution to ensue. The book also proved to be applicable not just in the American societal and political transformations but also to majority of revolutions lead by radical leaders of such revolution. After all, there was no trouble understanding his ideas despite the fact that it was written from literally hundreds of sources compressed into a 416-page book.In conclusion, the Bailyn’s The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution was the possibly the best book ever written that pertains to the subject of ideological origins or backgrounds of radical libertarians who aimed to â€Å"free the individual from oppressive misuse of power† by the state. Also, he did not end his discussion to the accounts of the first half of the century but rather commented on the existing laws that he called â€Å"Fulfillment† of the hopes and d reams of the leaders of the American Revolution. Reference: Bailyn, Bernard (1992). The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

Ratio annlysis

Current ratio is always larger than quick ratio, it may because that inventory is overstated. Inventory turnover ratio has a relatively slight rise , it also can be an indicator for the overstated inventory.As per the current ratio, overstating inventory allows Santa to avoid booking expenses and reduces the cost of goods sold. It could also indicate obsolete stock problems. Ratio Explanation Account Key assertion The change in current ratio compared with the previous year, supports the idea that inventory could be overstated. As a decrease in inventory lead to a decrease in gross margin, the auditor would be concerned that inventory is overstated.Inventory Existence Overstating inventory allows Santa to avoid booking an expense now and also rates a larger asset base. By overstating inventory. Management can reduce the cost of good sale. In order to overstate inventory, management may book sales for inventory that does not exist or miscalculate costs . Days in inventory The increase in days in inventory inventory Existence and valuation As per the current ratio, overstating allows management to avoid booking expenses and reduces the cost of goods sold, it could also indicate obsolete stock problems.

Free Essays on Homework

are used to describe the cleaning of the different countries and the world. Phrases such as, â€Å"scrub up Africa† and â€Å"I’d wash the Amazon river† give the sensation of ... Free Essays on Homework Free Essays on Homework Tom Loveless: There have been a number of press accounts saying that kids are overwhelmed with homework. We wanted to analyze the evidence on this question. We [looked at] all of the surveys done on homework in the past 20 years that have national representative samples and have met high scientific standards ... at the elementary and the high-school level. What did you find? Two things: The homework burden is not very onerous, and it hasn’t changed very much over the last two decades. UCLA conducts a survey of four-year degree-granting institutions in which they ask [college freshmen]: â€Å"In your final year of high school, how much homework did you have?† They’ve asked every year since 1987. Last year, the amount of homework kids had when they were seniors in high school hit a record low- 66 percent said they had five hours or less of homework per week. The troubling thing is that this sample [does not include] high-school dropouts, kids who go directly from high school into the work force, kids who go directly into the military and kids who go to community colleges. So these are our top students, and they are saying they did not have very much homework when they were seniors in high school. What about younger kids? The National Assessment of Educational Progress started asking homework questions in 1980. With 9-year-old students, they began asking about homework in 1984. They ask kids, â€Å"How much homework did you have yesterday?† It’s a very specific question. At age 9, 83 percent of kids said they had an hour or less of homework. The homework horror stories usually feature third or fourth graders with three or four hours of homework per night. How typical is that kind of child? In the NAEP survey, at age 9, the percentage of kids who had more than two hours of homework per night- so a lighter load than is being portrayed in these stories, although t... Free Essays on Homework Poem 1: â€Å"The Unbeliever† by Elizabeth Bishop 1. This poem is about communication between a bird on the wing and the environment around it. It is very metaphorical. Obviously it is impossible for a bird and a cloud to speak to each other in words, but in this poem they speak with each other metaphorically. The imagery is of a bird flying over the ocean making sure it doesn’t fall into the water below which it believes wants it to fall and die. The reader has the sense of a bird fighting gravity and its sense that the sea below wants it to fall and die. This poem is full of metaphoric speech between the cloud and the bird. The cloud says, â€Å"I never move. See the pillars there in the sea?† My feeling on this is that there is harm down below and the cloud is trying to get the bird to look down and endure the danger, but the bird refuses. 2. These feelings seem to relate to the ideas that are implicit because it implies indirectly that although there may be imminent danger you can learn to avoid being sucked into seeing it and thinking about it and just keep on track. An example is driving. There’s the imminent danger of crashing into an on-coming car or off a bridge or into a wall, but the driver still drives without thinking about the dangers that could take place. This poem is about determination even with so many things trying to bring you down. So this is why the ideas are implicit to the feelings because it is a simple story about a bird fighting the clouds and the wind and the water down below and staying on track and remaining determined. Poem 2: â€Å"Homework† by Allen Ginberg 1. This poem is about the fact that the world is not perfect and that it needs to be â€Å"cleaned† in a way. This is a very metamorphic poem because metaphoric words are used to describe the cleaning of the different countries and the world. Phrases such as, â€Å"scrub up Africa† and â€Å"I’d wash the Amazon river† give the sensation of ...

Bahram Sadeghi Defines Literature Essays - Sadeghi, Free Essays

Bahram Sadeghi Defines Literature Essays - Sadeghi, Free Essays Bahram Sadeghi Defines Literature Understanding Literature Dr. Nojoumian January 20, 2014 Bahram Sadeghi Defines Literature Malakut, a novelette and The Trench and the Empty Canteens, a collection of short stories added to the galaxy of Persian literature a new star; a very big and special star named Bahram Sadeghi. His style was not like anybody else before him in the Persian literatures history of storytelling (Taghizade qtd. In Aslani 83) and could not be imitated by anybody after him (Saedi, Bahram Sadeghis Art of Storytelling). He also had published some poems under the pseudonym Sahba Meghdari_ an anagram of his name Bahram Sadeghi_ but giving up soon for storytelling. Exploring Sadeghis view toward literature is worthwhile because of the great influence he had on the later generations of Persian short story writers, Houshang Golshiri among the most notable ones (Golshiri). Mr. Writer has just started to write, one of the short stories in the collection The Trench and the Empty Canteens, is itself the story of the production of a literary work which can gives us some clue for further research about how Sadeghi defined literature. In the story of Mr. Writer has just started to write, Mr. Writers story Mr. Asbaghi will come back is being analyzed by a strict critic who has complaints from the beginning of the story to its end (Sadeghi 148). The story begins in the middle of the action. The narrator who is the conductor of the meeting starts the story by claiming that Mr. Writer has just started to write, is a nave writer; he believes that the writer shows a lack of taste in naming the story Mr. Asbaghi will come back. He provides the basics of

The Components of an Intriguing Biography

The Components of an Intriguing Biography A biography is a story of a persons life, written by another author. The writer of a biography is called a biographer while the person written about is known as the subject or biographee. Biographies usually take the form of a narrative, proceeding chronologically through the stages of a persons life. American author  Cynthia Ozick notes in her essay Justice (Again) to Edith Wharton that a good biography is like a novel, wherein it believes in the idea of a life as a triumphal or tragic story with a shape, a story that begins at birth, moves on to a middle part, and ends with the death of the protagonist. A biographical essay is a comparatively short work of nonfiction  about certain aspects of a persons life. By necessity, this  sort of essay  is much  more selective than a full-length biography, usually focusing only on key experiences and events in the subjects  life. Between History and Fiction Perhaps because of this novel-like form, biographies fit squarely between written history and fiction, wherein the author often uses personal flairs and must invent details filling in the gaps of the story of a persons life that cant be gleaned from first-hand or available documentation like home movies, photographs, and written accounts. Some critics of the form argue it does a disservice to both history and fiction, going so far as to call them unwanted offspring, which has brought a great embarrassment to them both, as Michael Holroyd puts it in his book Works on Paper: The Craft of Biography and Autobiography. Nabokov even called biographers psycho-plagiarists, meaning that they steal the psychology of a person and transcribe it to the written form. Biographies are distinct from creative non-fiction such as memoir in that biographies are specifically about one persons full life story from birth to death while creative non-fiction is allowed to focus on a variety of subjects, or in the case of memoirs certain aspects of an individuals life. Writing a Biography For writers who want to pen another persons life story, there are a few ways to spot potential weaknesses, starting with making sure proper and ample research has been conducted   pulling resources such as newspaper clippings, other academic publications, and recovered documents and found footage.    First and foremost, it is the duty of biographers to avoid misrepresenting the subject as well as acknowledging the research sources they used. Writers should, therefore, avoid presenting a personal bias for or against the subject as being objective is key to conveying the persons life story in full detail. Perhaps because of this, John F. Parker observes in his essay Writing: Process to Product that some people find writing a biographical essay easier than writing an  autobiographical  essay. Often it takes less effort to write about others than to reveal ourselves. In other words, in order to tell the full story, even the bad decisions and scandals have to make the page in order to truly be authentic.

Examine the impact of the recent recession in the British Economy Essay

Examine the impact of the recent recession in the British Economy - Essay Example The contraction over the six quarters of the recession was 6.2%. That peak-to-trough decline was less severe than in Japan, Germany and Italy, but the recession lasted longer than in any other G7 economy†. The recession has impacted every sector of the British economy like production, consumption, employment, energy use, and government spending and tax revenue. The fragile situation of the banking system greatly impacted all sectors of economy and many private companies were forced to close down or end up in loss. Many corporate and small enterprises cut down their employees, who had an overall effect on the earning capacity and spending power of the public.Morover there was also a notable decrease in the demand of energy use as production and consumption of the country declined. Due to recession people look in for alternative renewable sources as they were unable to afford fuel charges as they suffered from lower income and lower unemployment rates. Looking briefly in to the e ffect of recession on different sectors of British economy, the following can be explained: I) Changes in Production and Consumption: Production and consumptions is an endless cycle of any economy or market of a developed, developing nation. Britain being a large economy has major public and private companies operating under its constituition.With the breakout of recession, the production and service sector of the country was doomed and this indeed resulted in a tremendous cut in the employment rate of the country. The finance sector and manufacturing sector being interconnected was worse affected which led to the closure of small private owned organizations and many service outlets. In 2008 the UK GDP fell by 5.1 % and this could be mainly because the UK government supporting more the finance sector rather than the manufacturing sector. Due to recession the worst hit area was the construction sector of British economy. By December 2008 , the construction sector of Britain shrank at fast pace than ever, taking civil engineering and commercial sub sectors along with it.Morover the slump in the housing construction field resulted in a downturn in housing market sector. The manufacturing sector being interconnected affected all the production units of the economy which resulted in lesser profitability. Unemployment was the end result and lower household consumption was the end result. As per (Dolling) â€Å"Household final consumption expenditure accounts for about half of the expenditure measure of GDP and is seen as an important economic indicator.† II) Changes in Employment, Unemployment and Productivity; It is a very obvious fact that, recession can bring around sharp decline in the employment rate of an ecnomy.Since the productivity is low, there can be a very evident decrease in the job cuts and this is directly related to decreased house hold consumption .Many people were removed from employment and also faced with considerable cut in their salary r ate because of slumber economy. â€Å"Troubled house builder Barrett last week announced plans to cut 1,000 of its 6,700-strong workforce while Pen dragon, the country's biggest car dealer, laid off 500 workers†(Blackden).If such is the case with employment cuts, unemployment rates in the country can soar which will make the people with less or no spending power. Since recession of 2008, many students who have

Conclusion of online contract Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Conclusion of online contract - Research Paper Example Nowadays, more and more people turn to online agreements, sometimes even preferring them to the traditional written ones. However, consumers cannot help concerning about the validity of the online contracts versus the common written contracts. Yet, â€Å"Electronic contracts and electronic signatures are just as legal and enforceable as traditional paper contracts signed in ink.†1 This fact was established by the Electronic Signatures in Global and International Commerce Act (ESGICA) in 2000, which has updated the status of online agreements, considering them just as legal and enforceable as the written ones. This topic has been chosen due to the growing popularity of the online agreements among the ordinary users and other interested people. The term paper is focused on revealing the essence of the online agreements. The author believes that such a paper is necessary, because of the ascending number of concluded online agreements. Sometimes, a user is not even aware of the fact that he is binding himself to a contract in the online jungle. The online contracts are mostly governed by the same legal traditional principles as the written contracts, consisting of the same elements. The majority of the electronic agreements is reduced to the click through and click wrap agreements. These types of contracts require that the user should scroll through the terms and conditions on a website and confirm that he or she has accepted the terms and conditions of the agreement by taking some sort of action, such as clicking an "I accept" button or by taking some similar action. It is very often that the enforceability of the forum selection clause in these "click-wrap" agreements is at issue since these clauses may force the plaintiff to bring his or her action in a particular jurisdiction, which may be located far away from the plaintiffs home jurisdiction, in order to settle all disputes. The author intends to

What am I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What am I - Essay Example This means that an individual is what he thinks of himself and what others think of them. For example: if an individual’s mind think that he/she is a good student then an individual will exhibit characteristics that are the characteristics of a good student. These characteristics include studying hard, acting in a disciplined manner in school and class and involving oneself in class activities. These behaviors will result in better grades for the student and will place a positive picture of the student in the minds of the classmates as well as teachers and in turn this will become his/her identity. Individuals need to ensure that there is congruence between what they think they are and what others think they are. In order to attain this congruence they need to change and modify their behaviors according to what they want to be or what their mind tells them to do. In short the answer to the question of What I am is that I am what is want to

Introdyction to psycological theories and issues Essay

Introdyction to psycological theories and issues - Essay Example According to this theory, the individual inherits all his behaviours due to the complex interaction of genes. Most of his characters and behaviours remain constant throughout his life, as outside environments do not affect his individuality in any way. His individuality is predetermined. From this standpoint, types and characteristics measured with personality are constant and even if we sharpen our wits, types and temperaments to some extent successfully, we can never change them. We do as our genes dictate. As Darwin’s theory was applied to this psychological theory, it also implies that our personality connects with the secondary theory of natural selection for survival of the fittest. Distinct personality and individual differences differentiate a person from the commonalities. One of the main personality theories, Nurture theory, connects with the Operant Conditioning of Thorndyke who talks about conditioning of man, dog or any other animal through conditioning or nurture. Every situation that is connected with the nurturing of a child till it grows up and even later as an adult produces a positive or negative reinforcement of the behaviour in the individual. Nurture theory says that every behaviour depends upon the atmosphere, circumstances, education, bringing up of a child, teachers, friends, well-wishers, neighbours, community, society, and the results of a person’s behaviour are all responsible for his personality. It argues that nature or genetics, or heredity have nothing to do with the personality of the individual. Here life becomes a saga of actions and reactions. Skinner applied this theory on the experiments like training an animal, through rewarding or punishing and assessing how the animal gets used to a certain behaviour, showing absolutely no signs of his hereditary behaviour, but adapting himself to an entirely new behaviour, a result of the present nurture. There is no doubt that nurture through education, training and

Reading Journal(summary, application and synthesize) What is Essay

Reading Journal(summary, application and synthesize) What is Sustainability - Essay Example The first axiom warns the society of continuous use of resources of a total collapse. The second axiom warns of rate of consumption that is equal to the growth of population is unsustainable. The third axiom provides a guideline for consumption of renewable resources for sustainability. It states rate of natural replenishment of renewable resources is to be greater or equal to the rate of consumption. The fourth axiom states the rate of usage of non-renewable resources must be declining in a way that is greater than or equal to the rate of depletion. The fifth axiom advices in the event of a new substance introduced into the environment as a result of manmade activities. They must not be harmful to the biosphere or should be rendered harmless (Heinberg and Daniel, 6). Through these five axioms, Richard Heinberg targets every rational human being. At least one of his axiom is applicable to a particular section of the human society. For instance, the fifth axiom is applicable to almost every sector of the human society. It is particularly applicable to manufacturing industries, business like hotels, and hospitals, and also to families. In these and others sectors of the human society, the fifth anxiom requires people to protect their environments by avoiding introducing harmful substances to them. The third axiom targets particularly the mineral miners. It requires them to conserve the environment by not engaging in extensive mining devoid of future considerations. The fourth axiom targets the industries like the energy industry, which uses non-renewable resources. Therefore, Richard Heinberg targets every person in the world. His essay requires every individual to protect his/her environment by applying one of the axioms that defines sustainability in his/her particular situation. Richard Heinberg article is very relevant to each and every member of the classroom community. Previously each of us had a different definition of sustainability. Some of us

The Electoral College System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Electoral College System - Essay Example The existence of Electoral College Vote system has ensured that only candidates who win the majority Electoral College votes ascend to power. The Electoral College vote system comprises of 538 electors who determine the occupant of the white house. The presidency of the USA is won by whoever gets 270 of the electors’ votes. Electoral College votes vary in different states and the winner of a state’s majority votes wins all the college electoral votes of that particular state. In Bush vs Al Gore case, Al Gore had won in the popular votes, but there was a fierce disagreement over who won the Florida state. Florida State was to decide the winning candidate in terms of electoral votes. Bush won the majority votes in Florida by being declared popular vote winner in that state. This case was later taken to the Florida court, which ordered a recount, but there was a problem on the method to be used in recounting. However, the case was later taken to the US Supreme Court, which nullified the recount process and later made unsatisfactory decision the ultimate winner was George W. Bush. Considering that even the US Supreme Court justices were divided on this matter, it is unclear whether the decision made was political or was strictly based on judicial grounds. Thanks to Al Gore who conceded defeat having realized that based on the supreme court decision, he only managed 266 electoral votes against Bush’s 271 (Baker 1-3).The Electoral College system is believed to be catering for the minority and special group interests. A candidate must consider these groups since their votes may be a determinant in winning a particular state’s popular votes hence college electoral votes. In addition, the college electoral votes promote political stability by allowing only two major parties to exist.

Reading Journal(summary, application and synthesize) What is Essay

Reading Journal(summary, application and synthesize) What is Sustainability - Essay Example The first axiom warns the society of continuous use of resources of a total collapse. The second axiom warns of rate of consumption that is equal to the growth of population is unsustainable. The third axiom provides a guideline for consumption of renewable resources for sustainability. It states rate of natural replenishment of renewable resources is to be greater or equal to the rate of consumption. The fourth axiom states the rate of usage of non-renewable resources must be declining in a way that is greater than or equal to the rate of depletion. The fifth axiom advices in the event of a new substance introduced into the environment as a result of manmade activities. They must not be harmful to the biosphere or should be rendered harmless (Heinberg and Daniel, 6). Through these five axioms, Richard Heinberg targets every rational human being. At least one of his axiom is applicable to a particular section of the human society. For instance, the fifth axiom is applicable to almost every sector of the human society. It is particularly applicable to manufacturing industries, business like hotels, and hospitals, and also to families. In these and others sectors of the human society, the fifth anxiom requires people to protect their environments by avoiding introducing harmful substances to them. The third axiom targets particularly the mineral miners. It requires them to conserve the environment by not engaging in extensive mining devoid of future considerations. The fourth axiom targets the industries like the energy industry, which uses non-renewable resources. Therefore, Richard Heinberg targets every person in the world. His essay requires every individual to protect his/her environment by applying one of the axioms that defines sustainability in his/her particular situation. Richard Heinberg article is very relevant to each and every member of the classroom community. Previously each of us had a different definition of sustainability. Some of us

Similarities and differences in HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Similarities and differences in HRM - Essay Example Within this particular analysis, the book Managing Human Resources in the Middle East will be considered with regards to the specific national systems of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) discussed in chapter four of the book in question, as well as the nation of Israel, discussed within chapter ten of the book in question. Such a distinct and differentiated unit of comparison may seem as rather useless; however, the key differentials that are reflected within this unit of comparison are ultimately helpful define and means by which the aforementioned factors, which have been introduced, impact upon the system as a whole and help to derive a differentiated and hold the nuanced approach to human resource management that might not be displayed within other more similar nations ones question. Firstly, with regards to the United Arab Emirates, the reader comes to the understanding that the constitutional/representative republic that this nation employs at the means of governance has the most powerful determination with regards to the labour law as it exists and is overseen by the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. What is ultimately affected within such a particular system is that the aforementioned entity, the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, serves as the ultimate adjudicator with regards to any and all labour issues that might exist within the market. Within such a manner, the process of oversight and regulatory compliance is first handled by the respective firm and human resources Department in question. Accordingly, oversight is been conducted from the governmental standpoint in ensuring that these respective entities are in compliance with any and all federal regulations and work to put the needs of the stakeholder/employee compliance with the letter of the law specified by the government. Although unions themselves are not outlawed, they experience a relatively low level of importance and/or clout within the human resource management pr ocess of the United Arab Emirates. Such a reality is not constrained by law; rather, it is merely grown to exist as a means of governmental structure, economic situation, and level to which employees and trades have not attempted become unionized within the system in question (Rees et al, 2007). Although a similar system of government oversight necessarily with exists within the nation of Israel, a secondary entity exists wholly independently from governmental oversight and serves to further needs of the individual stakeholders within the human resource management process. This necessarily refers to the entity in question. As a function of the way in which the nation of Israel has developed and come to prominence, a socialist model of development has been engaged (Sagie & Weisberg, 2001). Quite separate from any of the other models of governance and approaches to human resource management within the region, the nation of Israel seeks to actually encourage the formation and prevalenc e of unions as a means of seeking to maximize stakeholder utility and a further level of

Evolution of the Piano Essay Example for Free

Evolution of the Piano Essay One of the more popular musical instruments is the piano. In Youtube alone, a popular video sharing website, type ‘piano’ in the search box and result will show 574,000 uploaded videos. From the modern grand piano that people are grown accustomed to, it is interesting to find that piano began its journey from three things: hammer, string and soundboard. Dulcimer, an instrument originating in Iran after the birth of Christ, is said to be the inspiration for the creation of the piano (Concert Piano Pitch Services 2008). The dulcimer shares the same principles as the piano, with hammers striking/ beating strings placed in a flat soundboard (2008). However, in place of mechanical hammers, players used sticks (2008). Crusaders brought it to Europe during the Middle Ages (Marcie Wallis 2008). The term ‘dulcimer’ comes from the Latin ‘dulce melos’ which means â€Å"sweet sound† (Marcie Wallis 2008). An image of dulcimer is seen below. Image 1. Dulcimer (Marcie Wallis 2008) By the tenth century, pipe organs were the rage in churches (Goode 43). To play, a key is depressed, sending air into the pipe, thus producing a sound (Wright 47). The pipes are arranged in groups, with each group specializing in one tone (48). The pipes have a switch, called stops (48). When all stops are pulled, a forceful sound is produced. An image of a pipe organ is seen below. Image 2. Pipe Organ (Quimby Pipe Organs. com 2008) During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, another keyboard instrument became popular- the virginal (Goode 43). The virginal is a box with strings (43). A quill was used to pluck the strings. The term ‘virginal’ is said to be a compliment to the Queen. Young ladies used to play the virginal. The virginal was placed on a table as seen in the image below or held in the lap. Image 3. The Virginal (BBC 2008). In 1400, the world was introduced to the clavichord (Concert Piano Pitch Services 2008). It is one of the oldest keyboard instruments. It works according to a simple principle: The player depresses a key which in turns strikes a string with a metal blade called tangents, thereby producing sound (Marszalek and Panagakis 2006). It is a rectangular box with keyboards on the side and strings stretched across (Kelly 1998). Once a key is depressed, the player can also change the pitch to create a vibrato (1998). A clavichord player can make it â€Å"fretted†, striking strings in a succession manner of â€Å"unfretted† to produce one note (Piano Keyboard 2003). Widely used in Europe, clavichords were popular during the Renaissance period (1998). The Renaissance (1450-1600) was a period of rebirth, curiosity and individualism (Kamien 75). In this time, the focus was on human life (75). Thus, vocal music was given importance, with instrumental music taking a backseat (78). Given its small design, the clavichord was usually played in small audience (Get Piano Lessons. com 2008). Despite its limitations, the clavichord was a popular instrument especially in German households (2008). The oldest surviving clavichord is from the year 1543 (Piano Keyboard 2008). An image of the clavichord is seen below. Image 4. Clavichord (Get Piano Lessons. com 2008) Instrumental music saw its rise during the Baroque period (Wright 103). In this time, one instrument stood out- the harpsichord. The harpsichord originated in Northern Italy in 1400 but reached its peak during the Baroque period (Wright 48). It is the largest keyboard instrument. Some harpsichords had two keyboards (Marszalek and Panagakis 2004). Like the clavichord, the harpsichord is played by depressing a key, which in turn â€Å"forces a pick to pluck a string† (48). The plucking produces a sound (103). However, its level mechanism limits the harpsichord in controlling the forte (48). When a key is depressed, the sound and volume is still the same. Hence, harpsichords that were usually used had two keyboards to make sound gradations (48). This shortcoming exemplified the way Baroque music sounded: straightforward, uniformity continuity, no abrupt changes (103). It was during the Baroque period that Johann Sebastian Bach rose as the greatest composer, and harpsichordist of his time (Kamien 125). His Bradenburg Concerto no. 5, written around 1721, gained importance for being the first piece wherein a harpsichord had a solo role (104). Usually, in a concerto grosso (the term used for small group of soloists), the instruments used were string instruments. In the Bradenburg Concerto, the harpsichord is played in the final section. An image of the harpsichord is seen below. Image 5. Harpsichord (Get Piano Lesons. com 2008) Henry Purcell, another famous musician from the Baroque period, was chosen to be the organist of the Chapel Royal in London (UK Piano Pages 2008). By this time, the spinet had become popular. The spinet also came from the harpsichord family (Piano Keyboard 2003). The spinet was different from the harpsichord in size and its keyboard, which was placed on the long side of instrument (2003). An image of the spinet is seen below. Image 6. The Spinet (Piano Keyboard 2003) In 1709, the harpsichord was replaced with the pianoforte or piano for short (Get Piano Lessons. com 2008). Bartolomeo de Francesco Cristofori, an Italian harpsichord maker, was responsible for creating piano (2008). Instead of plucking, hammers hit the strings and a level mechanism allows the player to produce soft and loud sounds, thus the term ‘pianoforte which translates to ‘soft-loud’ (Wright 48). During the Classical Period, the piano became the key keyboard of most musicians (Kamien 150). In fact, major compositions of Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven used the piano (150). Mozart’s Piano Concerto in A Major, one of the best known concertos of all time, was completed in this period (186). Image 7. Cristofori Pianoforte (Piano Keyboard 2003) Gottfried Silbermann, a German was touted as the maker of the first successful pianoforte (Piano Keyboard 2003). In 1742, square pianos were made (2003). An image of a square piano is seen below. Image 8. Square Piano (Piano Keyboard 2003) In 1739, the first upright piano was made by Domenico dela Mela (UK Piano. org 2008). The first upright piano is much more similar to a grand piano, though (2008). In 1768, Johan Christian Bach gave the first ever piano recital (2008). By 1800, John Isaac Hawkins created the first true upright piano (2008). Piano’s popularity continued until from then on. When Jazz music became popular in the 1890s to 1915, ragtime piano was developed (Kamien 360). Ragtime was played by black pianists in saloons and dance halls (360). Among the famous ragtime player at that time was Scott Joplin. One of his more prominent pieces was â€Å"The Entertainer â€Å"(360). The 1960s saw the birth of the electronic keyboard (Surovec 2002). Electric organs were used followed by amplified pianos (2002). From the spinet, virginal, clavichord and harpsichord which pluck the string, the invention of piano led to hammering the strings to produce sounds. Levers are used to work the hammers and dampers. The present piano has an iron frame which attaches the metal strings. When key is depressed, the felt-tipped hammers strike the strings, causing it to vibrate and make the sound. A piano also has tuning pins for tightening the strings. It has an 88-note keyboard and two or three pedals (Kamien 25). Half a million videos of people playing the piano is more than enough evidence that the popularity of piano has not faded. In fact, it has become more popular than ever. Music is part of our everyday lives. Be it the chirping of the birds, the machinery hum or the sound of one’s sweet singing voice. And with the invention of musical instruments, music has never sounded so pleasant to listen to. Works Cited BBC. 2008. The Virginal Piano. 7 April 2008. http://bbc. co. uk Concert Piano Pitch Services.2008. Piano. 7 April 2008. http://concertpitchpiano. com Get Piano Lessons. com. 2008. How the Renaissance Time Period Shaped the History of the Piano. 7 April 2008. http://get-piano-lessons. com Goode, Ruth. The International Library of Piano Music. Vol. 14. New Jersey: University Society, Inc. 1967. Kamien, Roger. Music An Appreciation. 3rd ed. USA: McGraw-Hill, 1998. Kelly, Robert. Dec. 1998. Clavichord Technique and Performance Practice. 7 April 2008. http://geocities. com/Vienna/3624/clavichd. htm Marszalek, C. S. and B. Panagakis. 23 August 2004. Clavichord. 7 April 2008. http://twingroves. district96. k12. il. us Piano Keyboard. com 2008. Piano History. 7 April 2008. http:/pianokeyboard. com Quimby Pipe Organs. com. 2008. Pipe Organs. 7 April 2008. htp://quimbypipeorgans. com Surovec, Sabrina. 2002. Electronic Music . 7 April 2008. http://essortment. com UK Piano. org. 2008. Piano History. 7 April 2008. http://uk-piano. org Wallis, Marcie. 2008. Dulcimer. 7 April 2008. http://marciewallis. com Wright, Craig. Listening to Music. Minnesota: West Publishing Company, 1996.

Causes And Effects Of World Wa :: essays research papers

Causes and Effects of World War I What were the causes and effects of World War I? The answer to this seemingly simple question is not elementary. There was more to the onset of the war then the event of an Austrian prince being murdered in Serbia, as is what most people consider to be the cause of World War I. Furthermore, the effects of the war were not just concentrated to a post-war era lasting for a generation of Westerners. No, the effects of the war were widespread throughout the world and can be traced to generations after the war. It is not a rare occasion that when a person is asked what the causes of World War I were, that they answer with the simple comment of an Austrian Prince being shot in Serbia. However the assignation of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie , in Sarajevo was not the main cause of the Great War. Rather, it was the breaking point for Austria in its dealings with Serbia. The truth of the matter is that several factors played a role in the outbreak of the catastrophic war the engulfed the nations of Europe for over four years. World War I truly was the result of building aggressions among the countries of Europe which was backed by the rise of nationalism. To add to the disastrous pot, there was also imperial competition along with the fear of war prompting military alliances and an arms race. All of these increased the escalating tensions that lead to the outbreak of a world war. (Mckay, pg. 904) Two opposing alliances developed by the Bismarckian diplomacy after the Franco- Prussian War was one of the major causes of the war. In order to diplomatically isolate France, Bismarck formed the Three Emperor’s League in 1872, which was an alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary. Then in 1882 , Bismarck took advantage of Italian resentment toward France and formed the Triple Alliance between Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungry. In 1890 Bismarck was dismissed from his office and France took the opportunity to gain an ally, therefore , in 1891 the Franco- Russian Entente was formed. Then in 1904 Britain and France put aside their conflicts and formed the Entente Cordiale. As a result , the Triple Entente , a coalition between Great Britain, France , and Russia, countered the Triple Alliance. Now Europe was divided up into two armed camps.

Violent Crime Research Paper -- Criminal Murder Jail Prison Essays Pap

Violent Crime Research Paper Nothing does more to tear our families apart than violent crime, guns, gangs, drugs, and the fear that walks alongside those terrors. Violent crime and victim rights have become a major concern for most citizens in the United States of America. Statistics indicate a decline in violent crimes in our country and an increase in our national prison population. Released prisoners commit most violent crimes. Gun control legislation, reform programs, victim rights awareness, and other programs are abundant in our country, but do little to alleviate violent crime. In this paper I will try to present the liberal and conservative views on this issue as well as my own views. Violent crime is a complex problem and can only be responded to in complex ways. "Quick fix" solutions to the problem are likely to be misguided. There was a decline in crime during the 1990s. Our country enjoyed seven years of declining crime for the period 1991-98, the most recent data available. During this period crime declined by 22% and violent crime by 25%. These are welcome developments, particularly following the surge of crime and violence of the late 1980s. This decline occurred during a time when the national prison population has increased substantially, rising from 789,60 in 1991 to 1,252,830, a 59% rise in just seven years and a 47% increase in the rate of incarceration, taking into account changes in the national population (Mauer 21-24). Many observers have drawn a simple correlation between these two trends. Putting more offenders in prison caused the reduction in crime. The Sentencing project has just completed a study that examines this issue in great detail and concludes that any such correlation is ambiguous at best. In examining the relationship between incarceration and crime in the 1990s the picture is complicated by the seven year period just prior to this, 1984-91. In this period, incarceration also rose substantially, at a rate of 65%. Yet crime rates increased during this time as well, by 17% nationally. Thus we see a continuous rise in incarceration for fourteen years, during which crime rose for seven years, then declined for seven years. This does not suggest that incarceration had no impact on crime, but any such connection is clearly influenced by other factors. A comparison with other nations is instructive in this rega... ... â€Å"Megan’s Law† requiring that people should be told if a sex offender lives in their area. (Federal Sentencing Reporter 10). Statistics indicate that strangers commit only one percent of violent crimes against women (The New American Magazine). I want to be protected, if I am in this small percentage. When a woman awakens and sees a male stranger crawling through her window and heading toward her bed, he is not a small percentage. He is a 100 percent fiend. But, if she had a pistol under her pillow and knew how to use it, she could make him a 100 percent corpse, and the world would be a far better place (The New American Magazine). That is my reason for supporting the second amendment. Bibliography Hammer, Marion. â€Å"United We Stand, Divided We Fall.† American Hunter June 1998 James Dao, New York Times, p. A18 May 3, 2000 Lee, Robert, â€Å"Gun Report† The New American Magazine, November 11, 1996 Mauer, Marc. "Preventing and Fighting Crime, What Works?" FDCH Congressional Testimony, 10/02/2000 â€Å"Where They Agree: Regarding Guns,† Associated Press. Los Angeles Timesn April 21, 2000 www.AlGore2000.com/issues/crime. May 16, 1999 www.georgebush.com/crime

How Does Tesco Communicate With Customers?

Tesco communicate with their customers through a variety of ways. Mobile communications is one of the ways in which Tesco communicate with their customers. This technology is brand new but it does not mean that it is not as important as other technologies that help big companies such as Tesco. Today’s mobile marketing applications such as ‘’Tesco club card app’ it helps customers keep us with their points that they’ve gained though shopping & it lets you know of the latest offers that the store has. This technology allows companies to improve communications in a focused and highly personal context to interact with their customers. Systems like this allows Tesco to package commercial messages, then make information available to a global audience easily, without irritating the customer by sending them letters via the post as the customers will get a regular update through their phone app. The system also offers an immediate response to customers that have questions that need answering. Blogging is also a new technology that Tesco uses as a way of getting personal communications because it is as an essential marketing tool. This is because the public can discuss on the Tesco website about anything they like for example Tesco have provided a place on the website where customers can have discussions about books available at the store and then decide whether they want to purchase it or not. For this particular type of communication Tesco needs an employee who likes to write via internet and put some commercial messages up. The audience should take care of the rest when that’s been completed. Tesco use streaming media by this term I mean using adverts that Tesco produce and display on platforms such as YouTube which allows Tesco to literally put ‘’any’’ message in front of a global audience. All the company needs is a script, a computer and a good quality camera to record their adverts, if Tesco does this then the message that they are trying to get across can be displayed in front of buyers, sellers and business partners anywhere in the world. Social networking is another way which Tesco communicate with their customers. For Tesco in the case of marketing, there is nothing better than having the ability to put commercial messages out in front of the public. Although there is a number of social networks that can do this, the best of these is Twitter. Since a user only gets 140 characters to make a point. For Tesco this means that a number of messages can be created and delivered very quickly. The amount of opt-in ‘’followers’’ which will be your customers who find your global messages interesting enough to continue to read them, this is also an obvious source to understand what your audience likes or doesn’t like as they can retweet of favourite your messages if they do or do not like them. We can communicate in many ways that suits the customer.

Achieving Morality Essay

The external factors play a huge role in shaping one’s decisions. One may think that his genetic and background history has the most influence on his actions, but in reality, the intensity of a given situation has greater impact in the choices of the individual. The surroundings one lives in ultimately influences his perception, decision, and morality. In his essay, â€Å"The Power of Context,† Malcolm Gladwell states how it is the little things in life that makes the bigger difference and in many aspects this is true. In Daniel Gilbert’s essay, â€Å"Immune to Reality† he talks about how human perception about reality is not always accurate. In Oliver Sacks’s essay, â€Å"The Mind’s Eye† he shows how there are many different perceptions to view the world. So at the same time, is it possible to dictate what is right and wrong in one’s life if all the decisions are a result of his given situation and surroundings? Also the morali ty for each person varies depending on their circumstances and perception of their world. Ultimately, an absolute form of right and wrong does not exist because the context of the situation always changes, but still it is possible to achieve an applicable standard of morality in society. Each individual has his own way of looking at the world that is completely unique when compared to the way another person does. This is perception of reality and this form is always open to discussion because the person generates this viewpoint. Each individual makes his decisions based on his perception of the world. â€Å"The processes by which we generate positive views are many: we pay more attention to favorable information, we surround ourselves with those who provide it, and we accept it uncritically† (Gilbert 134). In many instance one creates his own perception to suit his way of thinking, so the individual could be in the center of his world. â€Å"He seemed to regard this loss of visual imagery as a prerequisite for the full development, the heightening, of his other senses† (Sacks 304). Most people see becoming blind as unfortunate event, but according to this person it helped him to improve his other senses. â€Å"The tabloids dubbed Goetz the subway vigil ante and the death wish shooter† (Gladwell 153). Rather than seeing Goetz as a lunatic the newspapers depicted him as a hero. So this shows the difference in perception between people and how it varies from individuals. Importantly since each person’s perception varies it is hard to claim whose perception is right or wrong because ultimately is there a â€Å"right† perception of the world that everybody should be following? Even when viewing a painting everybody has their own interpretation of the art. No one claims there is only one â€Å"right† perception; rather the different perceptions are simply different approaches towards looking at the world. â€Å"It was simply inconceivable that someone could pull a gun on someone else on the subway and be called a hero for it.† (Gladwell 154) shows how different viewpoints affect the verdicts of a situation. A hero to some people might be a villain to others and it is hard to claim who is the â€Å"right† hero. The difference in subjectivity among people will always create a discrepancy of opinions among people. Since a variety of perception exists, then is it possible to have a perfect set and stone â€Å"right and wrong† rules in life? The context of a given matter plays a huge role in deciding the morality of the event. Morality is very much depended on the background information of the event. It is very hard to dictate the morality of an issue without seeing the bigger picture. Most people might see stealing as a wrong act, but what if someone stole a piece of bread in order to make sure he does not die from starvation, is that still a wrong act? In a situation like that one might feel sympathetic to that poor fellow and probably will see stealing as reasonable in that given situation. â€Å"We do not realize that our views will change† (Gilbert 135), the idea of morality varies on the situation because the context of the event directly affects morality. â€Å"Blindness now becomes for him a dark paradoxical gift. This is not just compensation, but a whole new order, a new mode of human being† (Sacks 305), in many aspects blind people do not see their condition as a curse or burden rather a different approach towards living and for most sighted people it might be hard to understand and accept this approach. â€Å"That there are instances where you can take normal people from good schools and happy families and good neighborhoods and powerfully affect their behavior merely by changing the immediate details of their situation† (Gladwell 162) this shows how the little details of an event plays huge role in the outcomes of an event. Essentially, context of a situation is what dictates morality and it is going to be almost impossible to label morality as set and stone as something like the Ten Commandments because the context always changes. Even though the standards of morality vary according to the situation there are some aspects of morality that one subconsciously accepts. Some ethics are universally considered wrong and one’s mind without even one knowing already knows that some choices are not right. That is why the mind tends to usually question the choices one makes. â€Å"When we cook facts, we are similarly unaware of why we are doing it, and this turns out to be a good thing, because deliberate attempts to generate positive views† (Gilbert 134), subconsciously to some extend individuals are aware of the morality behind an action and this will help individuals to make their decisions wisely. â€Å"To what extent are we our experiences, our reactions shaped, predetermined, by our brains, and to what extend do we shape our own brains† (Sacks 303), There are some emotions and judgments that are simply preinstalled in one’s mind which aids an individual in making choices that are difficult. â€Å"After a while the bad guys wised up and began to leave their weapons home and pay their fares† (Gladwell 157) this shows how there is a consciousness inside individuals that helps in guiding with decision making. When making a choice that might inflict pain to us or others one’s mind will usually try to suggest against that decision. That is why the idea of taking an innocent person’s life is universally seen as a wrongful act in societies. Therefore, there is a sense of unconscious morality that lies within the hearts of most individuals. Achieving a complete form of morality is a very idealistic thought because practically it’s not possible. There are infinitely many ways of perceiving morality and it would be impossible to set a standard that would suit all the time. â€Å"Too often people with sight don’t see anything† (Sacks 310). There are parts that even one’s eye sometimes cannot capture meaning that sometimes it’s simply not possible to account for all the possibilities. â€Å"The benefit of all this unconscious cookery is that it works, but the cost is that it makes us strangers to ourselves† (Gilbert 135). People sometime engage in activities without being aware of the magnitude of the situation. †They are both based on the premise that an epidemic can be reversed, can be tipped, by tinkering with the smallest details of the immediate environment† (Gladwell 157) the intensity of the situation has a huge influence on the decision of the individual. Due to all this, perceiving morality completely would be very difficult. Also having a perfect morality would require infinite knowledge which humans do not possess. As an individual one is limited at what he observes at a given time and there are limitations for each individual in this world. However, through the perceptions of many individuals, people will be able to come up with a better understanding of morality. Even with the limitations each individual has a small understanding of morality in the back of his head. Essentially, when all these understanding that are possessed by individuals are combined then a suitable set of standards will be formed that can accompany most situations. The collective effort of people will help to generate a better set of morality that will help in creating a peaceful environment for people to live in. That is why it is important to have many different perceptions of morality because they all eventually lead to creating appropriate rules that will be suitable for the well-being of a society. Despite not being able to have an absolute morality with infallible accuracy and with infinite knowledge, an applicable method of sensing morality is still practical. Individuals lack the ability to have a perfect morality because for one to acquire it in completion one needs to possess infinite amount of knowledge. Despite this back drop each individual innately has the ability to know morality in small parts and therefore combining the small parts of every individual will help to achieve a suitable set of codes. The differences in perception between people only aids to benefit humans in portraying a better understanding of morality. That is why it is important that there are different types of perceptions because if there was only one view then a very limited and narrow minded principle would be prevalent in the world. The different pathways of thinking done by people finally leads to achieving a suitable mode of morality. An absolute form of morality will never be possible in this imperfect world, however, that does not mean accomplishing a reasonable standard is impossible.

Barbara Hepworth – presentation

Good morning, I know some you are taking the â€Å"british art† course this year, so I think it could be interesting if I give a brief account of Barbara Hepworthà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s work and experiences. For those of you who are not taking that subject it may be a way of familiarising yourselves with abstract art coming from Great Britain. Before going straight into the subject, Ià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d like you to get rid of any prejudices you may have against abstract art and just let yourselves to be carried along by what Ià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m going to say and show. First of all, I can see in your faces youà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½re thinking â€Å"Whoà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s that Barbara Hepworth sheà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s talking about? Well, She is one of the most important abstract scuptors in Britain. What Ià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m trying to do here this morning is to show you in what way her experiences in life changed her work. As you see this is Barbara Hepworth when she was only two years old. It is relevant the way she perceived nature from her very infancy. In this statement you can see it clearly. She says â€Å"All my early memories are of forms, shapes and textures†, so she identifies nature with sculture. The last line is also remarkable as Barbara Hepworth is establishing a relationship between nature and the sculptor. One of the most important experiences who contributed to change her work is the visit she paid to Italy when she had become a sculptor herself. In this country she found two of her main preocupations: light and the grouping of people. The importance of light in relation to form will always interest her. Her second preocupation emerged in Venice. There, she realized that when people entered Saint Mark square, they walked in a different way and tended to group themselves because of the enormous proportion of the square and the cathedral. These two preocupations, those of light and the grouping of people will change her style. In this slide you can see her with one of her children. Barbara recognizes that with the birth of her first child her work developed notoriously. In her Autobiography, that I recommend you, the artist critizises those who thought a woman cannot be an artist and mother at the same time. What is more, she believes her work changed because of her children been, during several years, more formal, avoiding any trace of naturalism. You can see the resault in this sculpure. If we carry on the course of her life, we can find another turning point in her career when she first met Arp, one of the leaders of dadaism. By seeing his work, Barbara freed herself from many inhibitions and regarded the ralion between form and landscape with new eyes. In the decade of the 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s, abstract art became quite famous in Britain because of Barbara and her husband, Ben Nicholson. They were in contact with some important artists from the continent, such as gabo or Mondrian. Here you can see her with Gabo and his wife. This contact originated new preocupations for Barbara. One of them was the quality of the materials she used in her scuptures. She wanted to do something of a piece of marble, for example, but in order to achieve it she had to discover what the block of marble wanted. In this period she is also interested in the hollowed form as you can see in many of her works. She pierced the scuptures to create a more profound relationship between human beings and nature through sculpture. It is in these years that she analyses the role of the sculptor. She also reflects about her hands. Barbara Hepworth thinks her left hand is her thinking hand while her right hand is the working one. As a result of the threatening of the 2nd world war, many european artists came to England and joined the group of Barbara and Ben Nicholson in St. Ives, establishing the foundations of Constructivism, one of the most important vanguardist movements. During these last years of the decade Barbara Hepworth devoted herself to curved and stringed carvings which symbolised, once again, a sense of identification with nature. After this period her scultures will evoque the idea of enclosure or embrace. In order to achive it she uses several kinds of forms which are: the standing figure, the two figures, that represent the relationship between one human being and another, and the spherical or oval form. Her work will change again in the 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s, a decade she dedicates to monumental and enormous figures made of metal. This is Barbara Hepworth when she was nearly and old lady. In her last years she comes back to the formal style that characterized her work during the decade of the 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s. Unfortunately, she passed away in 1975. She used to drink and smoke a lot, so one day she didnà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½t extinguish the butt of a cigarrete and it a caused a fire that killed her. In conclusion, I can say Barbara Hepworth was one of the most important artists of her time and her success depends a great deal on her experience in life. I hope you take a full advantage of my presentation. Anyway, if youà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve got any comments or questions you are welcomed. Thank you very much. * Introduction: Good morning, I know some of you†¦.. Get rid of any prejudices / let yourselves get involved. * Body: First of all: Who is Barbara Hepworth. What Ià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m trying : in what way her experiences change her work. Slide of her 2 years old : relevant because from her infancy aware of forms. Slide of statement. (last line remarkable). Italy: preoccupations: light and grouping of people. Slides of Venice. Slides of child (2) Her children: developed her work, autobiography she critizises, her work more formal avoiding any trace of naturalism Slide of formal scupture. If we follow the course of her life another turning point: Arp: (leader of dadaism) freed herself from many inhibitions and regarded the relationship bet figure and nature with new eyes. In the decade of the 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s abstract art famous in GB because of her and her husband. Slide of BH and her husband. They were in contact with artists from continent. (Gabo, Mondrian). Slide of her with Gabo. This contact originated new preoccupatiosns: qualitiy of materials, hollowed form. She pierced scultures to create a more profound relation bet human beings and nature. Slide of pierced figure. It is in these years: analyses the role of artist and reflects about her hands. Slides of hands (2). As a result of the threatening of the 2nd w.w. many artist came and joined her group in St Ives. Slides of her studio in St. Ives (2). There they established the foundations of Constructuvism, one of the most imp vanguardist movements. During these last years of the decade, BH devoted herself to the curved and stringed carving, a sense of identifiation with nature. Slide of stringed sculpture. After this period her sculptures will evoque the idea of enclosure or embrace by using several kinds of forms: standing form, two forms and oval or spherical form. Slide of standing figure. Slide of spherical figure. 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s her work changes again: enormous figures made of metal. Slides of enormous figures (3). Slides of her old (2) In her last years she came back to the formal style of the 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s. She passed away in 1975: she used to drink etc. * Conclusion: As a conclusion we can say she was 1 of the + imp artists of her time, and her success depends a great deal on her experience in life. I hope you have taken full advantage of my presentation. If you have any comments or questions you are welcome.

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Religion - Essay Example However, the activities of the believers in all areas of public life are subjected to the inverse effect of the objective factors in the development of the economy, politics and culture. Thus we can observe an "imposition" of religious attitudes on other social relations. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of religion on the American society. Religion affects the society according to its specific features, reflected in doctrine, worship, organization, ethics, rules of relationship to the world and so forth. It is a systemic entity, which comprises a number of elements and conditions, representing consciousness with its features and levels of religious attitudes and activities. Religious writings have also undertaken a lot of changes during the evolution processes. â€Å"Since the Reformation denominatiolism has been the characteristic expression of Christianity on its ecclesiastical side. The right of private judgment and freedom from ecclesiastical superiors, that priceless boon of modern believers, has led to great variety in the interpretation of the New Testament† (Mullins, E. Y., 1908, 12). Thus, the views of religion in relation to different branches of the American society have been constantly updated. According to Gallup institute, the influence of religion on the American society weakens every year. Howev er, people still express the need for faith. It indicates the strength of the religious foundations of American society and shows that public state in relation to faith is much more important than the individual one. On a support telephone line opposite the United Methodist Church in Newtown (Connecticut) secured a star with the word "Love". This church helps people to recover from the tragedy of December 2012, when the criminal shot 20 children and 6 adults at the local elementary school. The church was opened for everyone to pray. The congregation brought food and provided the psychological support

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Resume Planning - Essay Example When these variables are absent or are not given enough attention, no matter how pretty a resume looks like, it will end up in the thrash bin. Substance and not the form will ultimately decide the efficacy of an applicant’s dossier. In line with this, I would like to borrow Linda Ormont’s (2001) criteria of strong resume, one that works and catches attention: However, this is not to say that appearance does not count, because it is also pivotal in achieving a candidate rà ©sumà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s objectives. Its significance lies in the fact that it presents an image to the prospective employer. A carefully laid out resume, for instance, could complement the content to project a competent and professional image. Needless to say, a resume that is sloppy or peppered with typographical errors or badly laid-out, would create for the employer an impression that the job applicant would be careless on the job, too. Appearance also helps in getting the resume noticed. It works best in situations where first impressions count - say, when there is a plethora of other resumes and one needs to stand out. This is also true in the creative industry wherein the visual presentation is everything. Usually, there appears a very thin line between content and appearance as the form becomes the substance in this field. The bottom line here is that content and appearance work hand in hand to communicate the value of the job seeker to a potential employer. Appearance, play the part of positioning and securing the attention of the employer – getting the resume read. The content will nourish the opening and finally detail competencies, enhanced by neat and concise layout. Not all employers, however, follow the same standard in evaluating resumes. There are those who would scan the dossier in five minutes, there are those who would set store on the first impression, and there are those who value informative content. According to Michael Howard, the degree of importance

Effects of Globalization on the Society Essay Example for Free

Effects of Globalization on the Society Essay Globalization is one of the contemporary policies implemented in attempt to resolve the economic dilemma of various countries and to encourage free flowing economic transactions among nations. And as such, globalization has become an influential phenomenon reaching various global scopes. It is an international process by which nations are being pushed to form a single and unified global society. The different societies within a globalized community undergo various transformation and developments which are comprised of common practices and beliefs known as the cultural universals. The cultural universals are adaptations in meeting the needs of the members of the society in terms of food, clothing and shelter. Developments are achieved through innovations. Innovation is the process of injecting new ideas or objects within a culture. And with these changes and innovations, this process also renders social consequences. There are two types of innovations: discovery and invention. The Chapter 3 of the book â€Å"Sociology a Brief Introduction† explained how development in culture occurs in the global setting. This chapter expounded the various concepts pertaining to the development of cultures such as globalization, diffusion and technology (Schaefer 58-60). The current globalization policy renders effects on the various aspects of the society. Globalization is a broad term. It encompasses the various aspects of the nation including politics, society and economy. More often than not, globalization is associated to the economic activities of the nation but it also affects the various aspects of society. Globalization Globalization is the integration of the economies and societies worldwide. Globalization is considered as one of the most hotly-debated topics in the field of international economics over the past few years (â€Å"Globalization†). It is the process of making the local or regional phenomenon into a global one. The nations are unified into a single society which carry out the function together. It is like integrating the economic, technological, sociocultural and political aspects of the nation (Croucher 10). Whenever globalization is mentioned, it is often associated with economic concepts and activities. Globalization is viewed as an economic process that integrates national economies into one international economy benefiting the activities of the inherent economy (Bhagwati 3). The term has been frequently defined by different economists, and as the such, the concept of globalization has developed so many definitions in accordance to the society’s point of view where the term is being utilized. The term â€Å"globalization† has been around for quite a long time. The concept has not been popular until the late 1980s and 1990s when its theoretical concepts became more well known. But the activities of globalization has already been put to practice even during the early times when the European countries colonized other parts of the world (Yergin). The first wave of globalization occurred during the 19th century which resulted to an incredible increase and growth in the international trade and economic interaction with the European countries dominating the world’s economic activities (Yergin). But the concept of globalization became more pronounced and used after the Second World War. The emergence of this concept came from the idea of the reconstruction of societies after the destructions caused by the war. The establishment of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank became two of the most influential international organizations that pioneered the reconstruction of war-devastated countries and became relevant agents in restoring economic progress and stability in these nations. Effects of Globalization Globalization is a strategic economic process which aims to provide prosperity and growth to the world’s economy. However, globalization has advantages and disadvantages. Although in the economic point of view, globalization is a positive and beneficial process. But its contribution to the overall increase in the global prosperity is still unparalleled. Globalization creates a process of disseminating modern methods and equipments needed in the contemporary enterprise management, economic growth and global financing. This way, globalization also increases labor productivity and efficiency of the factors of production (Bozyk 3). Moreover, globalization hastens the movement of the essential factors of production, especially the capital and technology. The other factors increasing the production is swiftly moving such as new and innovative ideas, modern technologies and production methods. Consumers, on the other hand, also benefit from the process by purchasing high-quality products due to the increase efficiency in production. In this process, globalization influences the consumption and quality of the products (Bozyk 4). The communication and information industries are also greatly influenced by globalization process. Information disseminated under the tenets of free trade and in the advent of advanced technology tools and gadgets rendered the information industry free movement and easy access to the people. The emergence of internet accessibility and telephone services brought information closer to the people. On the other hand, globalization also renders disadvantages that are inappropriate to some countries engaging in the contemporary economic trend. Some of these disadvantages include the reality that globalization only brings profit to the wealthy and well-developed countries and amplifies the marginal difference of the well-developed and developing countries. The international economic policy is leaning towards the wealthy and powerful countries and is unsuitable to the developing countries (Gavrilenkov et. al 233). Moreover, some countries are utilizing globalization to establish world domination, authority and power which will enable stronger countries to manipulate the relationships of different countries within the international order. Nowadays, the United States is enjoying the status of being one of the strongest nations or probably the sole world superpower. However, the current status of China, its economic stability, and the rate at which the Chinese economy progresses will soon rival United States in terms of industry, wealth and technological improvements (Hurst 91). Works Cited Bhagwati, Jagdish. In Defense of Globalization. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Bozyk, Pawel. Globalization and the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2006. Croucher, Shiela L. Globalization and Belonging: The Politics of Identity a Changing World. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Littlefield, 2004. Gavrilenkov, Evgeny, Paul J. J. Welfens and Ralf Wiegert. Economic Opening Up and Growth in Russia. New York: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidlberg, 2004. â€Å"Globalization†. 2001. The World Bank Group. 10 October 2008 http://www1. worldbank. org/economicpolicy/globalization/. Hurst, Charles E. Social Inequality: Forms, Causes and Consequences. Boston: Allyn Bacon, 2006. Schaefer, Richard T. Sociology:A Brief Introduction. United Kingdom: Academic Internet Publishers Incorporated, 2006. Yergin, David. â€Å"Commanding Heights†. n. d. 10 October 2008 http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/tr_show01. html.